Introduction to solar cells Course Syllabus

Overview: This course offers a comprehensive, physics-rich introduction to solar cells, designed for beginners in physical science and engineering. Over six modules, learners will explore the fundamental principles of photovoltaics, semiconductor physics, solar cell operation, and emerging technologies. Each module takes approximately one week to complete, with 3–5 hours of content, including video lectures, interactive quizzes, and visual simulations. Total time commitment: approximately 20–25 hours. Ideal for those pursuing careers in renewable energy or seeking a strong theoretical foundation in solar technology.

Module 1: Introduction to Photovoltaics

Estimated time: 4 hours

• Basics of solar energy
• Sunlight as an energy source
• Global solar energy potential
• Overview of photovoltaic systems

Module 2: Semiconductor Physics

Estimated time: 4 hours

• Semiconductor materials
• Electron-hole pairs
• Doping and charge carriers
• Energy band structure

Module 3: The pn-Junction and Solar Cell Working Principles

Estimated time: 4 hours

• Formation of the pn-junction
• Depletion zone and internal electric field
• Generation of current in solar cells
• Understanding I-V curves and performance characteristics

Module 4: Solar Cell Technologies and Limitations

Estimated time: 4 hours

• Silicon solar cell types (mono, poly, amorphous)
• Thin-film technologies (CIGS, CdTe)
• Third-generation solar cells
• Shockley–Queisser limit and efficiency barriers

Module 5: Characterization and Measurement Techniques

Estimated time: 4 hours

• Measuring solar cell efficiency
• Fill factor, open-circuit voltage, and short-circuit current
• Lab-based measurement techniques
• Performance testing under standard conditions

Module 6: Future Trends in Photovoltaics

Estimated time: 5 hours

• Perovskite solar cells
• Tandem and multi-junction structures
• Emerging materials and concepts
• Case studies on solar deployment and market trends

Prerequisites

• Basic understanding of high school-level physics
• Familiarity with fundamental concepts in electricity and energy
• Some background in engineering or physical sciences recommended

What You'll Be Able to Do After

• Explain how solar cells convert light into electricity from a physical standpoint
• Analyze the performance and design of various photovoltaic systems
• Compare different solar cell technologies and their efficiency limits
• Evaluate solar technologies for real-world energy applications
• Understand current and future trends in photovoltaic research and deployment